Hypothetico-Deductive Modeling to QA - 1267 Words

Hypothetico-Deductive Modeling to QA The Hypothetico-Deductive model is considered by some to be the hallmark of scientific research methods. The model is predicated on obtaining information in an effort to confirm or reject the hypothesis developed. This methodology requires the researcher to ask questions, hone in on the issue through preliminary research, formulate hypothesis and measurements, test, draw conclusions, refine and report. In order for the model to be effective the question being addressed by the researcher must be testable. This means there is practical feasibility of producing counterexamples. For example answering the question of â€Å"does God exist?† would not facilitate an appropriate use of the†¦show more content†¦Figure 1 outlines this iterative process (â€Å"Hypothetico-deductive method†): Hypothetico-Deductive Knowledge Advancement Understanding and use of this model can provide the business researcher with a decisive advantage when assessing information in support of critical decisions. Josà © Sacristà ¡n used this type of model in his research supporting â€Å"Exploratory trials, confirmatory observations: A new reasoning model in the era of patient-centered medicine†. His research supports using hypothetico-deductive reasoning as a basis for developing new pharmaceutical products (Sacristà ¡n, 2011). The current approach requires a new drug substance to undergo a series of rigorous clinical trials. These trials serve to confirm patient outcomes in support of new medicine availability. Typically a single dosage is approved in support of the aggregate population afflicted with an ailment. Josà © Sacristà ¡n has expanded on the presumed single dose theory using the hypothetico-deductive model where clinical trials would serve as the exploratory phases with confirmation occurring through observ ations. In practice the trial would serve to disaggregate patient populations so that medicines could be tailored toShow MoreRelatedA Rational Analysis Of Human Behavior Based On The Theory Of The Environment3058 Words   |  13 Pageswith the meanings of ‘everyday rationality’ and ‘formal rationality’ and the relationship between the concepts. ‘Formal rationality’ is the familiar rationality of logical and mathematical reasoning. It is defined in terms of formal approaches to deductive and probabilistic reasoning that are paradigms for normative rationality (Chater and Oaksford, 2002). ‘Everyday rationality’, on the other hand, is the common sense, ordinary kind of rationality that human beings exhibit on a regular basis (Chater

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Time and Life Free Essays

Everyone wants to be successful in their own, different way. It is a mutual dream shared by all, to be rich and famous. In my perspective being successful is much different, because money is not everything. We will write a custom essay sample on Time and Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now To make goals and follow your dreams will lead you down the road to success. Their will be bumps along the way, and you might have to take the harder road, but if you are willing to work hard and never give up, you will be successful. Like everyone, I have many dreams and goals that I would like to see myself accomplish during my life. I want to go to a great college and discover myself, what it truly means to be me. Then I will decide what I would like to spend the rest of my life doing because I honestly believe that, at my age, I do not contain within me the experiences necessary to determine what I want to be or what I want to do with my life. Given the opportunity, I would go into the ? eld of science to study biology or engineering to ? gure out how and why things work, living or not. But who knows? I might end up in a totally different ? eld, because wherever my heart goes, I am sure to follow. I want to go to a top school to start with a strong support in the world and to use this foundation to build my life upon. If the building blocks of my future are too small, I will be con? ned to certain things and not others that I would be able to reach with a bigger, sturdier base in knowledge. This will create limitless opportunities that may result in a great job. I want a job that pays well enough so that I could support a family, if I so choose. I want enough money to pay for little things in life, those that create great memories, but not so much that it will go to my head and make me a person that has worked so hard just to see himself become corrupt and sel? h. Above all I want to thank my parents for starting me off in the right direction, they gave up so much for me, because they instilled these values in me and made me who I am today. They have helped me this far, and they will help me in the years to come. Without them I would be nothing, and I believe that this deserves much more than simple thanks. My decisions will affect my future, whether it be the near future or in the long run. Seein g as I cannot predict the future, I will just have to work hard and make the right decisions. The right thing is not always the easiest thing to do, but is necessary if you want to reach your goals. The only obstacle that I see in the way of my future is myself. I can do anything I want if only I put my mind to it. But if I make the wrong choice and slack off, it is only that much harder to reach your goals. Another thing between my future and myself is time. Everything changes over time so it is only natural to believe that my short-term goals will too. But the things time cannot change are life long goals. The things you see yourself doing when you sit down and think of all the wondrous things in this world that makes you think what a miracle life really is. Life is a gift bestowed upon us, and it is our choice to determine where it goes. My goals are what make up my life, what keep me determined to ? ght for the next day and the drive behind everything I do. My family plays a huge part in who I am, and my values. I want more than everything in my life to be successful, and for those I care about to be successful in their lives too. How to cite Time and Life, Essays

International Convention Interpretation Law

Question: Discuss about the International Convention Interpretation Law. Answer: Introduction: In this case, there was an agreement between shipping lines for a timetabled transport of containers across the Atlantic between the Northern Europe and the United States about the restrictions that were formulated which were prohibiting an agreement between ship owners which was fixing the price on transport services and the transport capacity system. The applicants of the case wanted the court to nullify the terms of the contract as it was infringing on the rights to fair competition. They presented their facts basing on article 85 of the EC treaty by then. The applicant wanted the annulment of the commissions decision on (EC) 94-980 which was prohibiting the ship owners from fixing the price on their goods and carriage capacity on the programmer that involved the shipping of the containers across the Atlantic Ocean. For an agreement to be effective between Member States there is a requirement that it should meet the requirement of possible foreseeing of a sufficient degree of probability and should also be in line with the objective factor and the law that it has influence in direct or indirect, influential or perpetual. An agreement between the Member States was likely to affect the trade that was going on between them and the defendants choice to conduct a contract that was not in favor of the applicant lead to the issue as the defendants fact were that they did not meet the thresh hold that are stated in article 85(1) of the treaty which is now article 81(1)EC. Which states that the decisions that are made in a contract for trade between member state is likely to affect all of the member states? The agreement was also likely to cause changes that affected the applicants negatively as they were to lose their market area and business if it was to be implemented. Article 85 (1) of the Treaty which is now article 81(1) EC provides that a provision derogating in an exempting regulation must by their nature be strictly interpreted. This applies to the provision that relates to the maritime transport by virtue as its duration is restricted. The possibility of the applicants being able to fix different prices was that they could make it possible to attract different customers into the shipping lines which would be good for their business and the agreement was prohibiting them from doing so. The applicants were basing their facts pursuant to section 173 of the Treaty which is now Article 230 EC. The court reviewed the issue was whether the defendant were misusing their power. The court held that the commission was not supposed to dictate individuals shipping lines unless the parties agree to it and follow the rule in which in this case the applicants did not. The commission limited themselves by applying article 85(3) of the treaty. The argument of the applicants qualified on the exception that was written under Article 12 of regulation No 4056/86. Conclusion The court held that the provisions of an agreement between the shipping lines of the applicant and the defendant were supposed to inform the customers to whom they had concluded contracts with. Failure to do so infringed the treatys competition rules. The court concluded that the commissions decision requiring the applicants to make their customers have a right to renegotiate their agreement was lacking sufficient reasoning for them to make the applicants to follow the contract and amend it with the new rules. References Competition-Agreements, decision and concerned practices-effect on trade between members of states-criteria (EC Treaty, art, 85(1))(now Art.81(1) EC)) Competition-Maritime transport-Regulation No 4056/86-Block exemption-Scope (Council Regulation No 4056/86, Art,3) Common law Definitions- Interpretation-Definition taken from international convention-interpretation with regard to the convention EC, Treaty art.85 (1) now article 81(1) EC: council regulation No 1017/68 Art 11 EC and No 4056/86, Art 11.Oxford University Press Amazon